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06.November.2022

Ontologic Net Further steps

When looking at a prior art in relation to the field of Peer-to-Peer Computing (P2PC), which was integrated by the authors of Chord#, which again was at least taken as source of inspiration for a specific part of the architecture of our Ontologic Net (ON) and the related OntoNet component, we noted the well known inconsistency issue of such DHT-based P2P systems. This deficit has been cured, while the whole architecture has been reviewed, and also revised and improved in details.

01:24, 11:28, and 23:59 UTC+1
Further steps and SOPR

*** Work in progress ***
This is a continuation of the work mentioned in the Further steps of the 29th of October 2022 and the matter referenced therein.

What has been discussed so far provides informations and explanations about layers and middleware, and gives a relatively clear and precise impression or preview of the layered, hybrid, zoned, and integrated network topology, structure, layout, or architecture. Note in this relation that the following top to bottom view is not quite right due to the fact that our Ontologic System (OS) is also based on the hypergraph and the possibilities to realize vertical, horizontal, cross-sectional, etc. network topology.
node, point, or peer
Client-Server (C-S), Master-Worker (M-W)
Cluster
Point-to-Point (Po2Po), small world
SuperPeer-to-SuperPeer (SP2SP)
Peer-to-Peer (P2P)

  • structured (e.g. DHT, tree and directory, zoning),
  • unstructured (e.g. message exchange, quadtree, hexagon, Voronoi and Delaunay, and other girds and ways of partitioning),
  • zoned,
  • hybrid

SuperPeer-to-SuperPeer (SP2SP)
Po2Po, small world
Cluster
C-S, M-W
node, point, or peer

Cluster Computing (CC or ClusterC), Wide Area computer cluster
Grid Computing (GC or GridC)
Peer-to-Peer Computing (P2PC)

Distributed Tuple Space (DTS)
Multi-Agent System (MAS)
Cognitive Agent System (CAS)

Semantic middleware, like for example Task Computing, and the layers of the Web of Things (WoT) and the Semantic Web of Things (SWoT) provide additional informations and explanations, and an even more detailed impression or preview, which are more from the point of view of the applications and services, or better said Ontologic Applications and Ontologic Services (OAOS), and also the agents and the users.
But we have to give the cautious note that the final result will look considerably different.

Investigations::Multimedia, AI and KM of the 1st of September 2017
"we have here a federated system comprising a

  • first layer with at least two dialog systems or even voice-based assistants as front-ends,
  • second layer that provides common broker services, and
  • third layer with at least four systems as back-ends
    • operating system and cloud computing services [in the one case ...] and
    • online shop and cloud computing services [in the other case ...]."

    We also made a short review in relation to the following keywords and main fields:

  • International Organization for Standardization (ISO)/Open Systems Interconnection (ISO/OSI) model
    • Layer 4: Transport layer
    • Layer 3: Network layer
    • Layer 2: Data link layer

  • Java Juxtapose (JXTA) (P2P protocols defined as messages in eXtensible Markup Language (XML)), Java Jini based on JavaSpaces, in addition with the parts of our OS taken as source of inspiration and blueprint for the field of Information-Centric Networking (ICN).
    assignment of the related parts of our OS to them

  • Associative Memory (AM) or Associatively-Addressable Memory (AAM) (e.g. Content-Addressable Memory (CAM), BlackBoard (BB) (e.g. Tuple Space (TS)) system, Space-Based technologies (SBx)),
  • Virtual Object System (VOS),
  • Content-Addressable Storage (CAS) system
    • "CAS provider is a Distributed Hash Table" (DHT),
    • Content Addressable Storage Performance Enhancement by Recipe (CASPER) based on Coda,
    • Content Addressable Parallel File System (CAPFS),
    • Cooperative File System (CFS) read-only DHT based on Chord layer for lookup, DHash layer for block storage, and Self-certifying FileSystem (SFS),
    • Ceph Distributed File System (DFS) based on Controlled Replication Under Scalable Hashing (CRUSH) object-based store,
    • etc.,
  • Content-Addressable Network (CAN) (e.g. structured Peer-to-Peer (sP2P) based on Distributed Hash Table (DHT))
  • Information-Centric Networking (ICN),
    • Content-Centric Networking (CCN) (2007)/Named Data Neworking (NDN) (2010),
      superset of Node-to-Node (N2N),
    • Named Function Networking (NFN) or Named Service Access Point Networking (NSAPN) ("extends the CCN/NDN" respectively classic ICN),
      "A gradual spectrum - complementary [] stupid networks [(e.g. Internet)] - CCN - "domesticated NFN" - lambda calculus"
      "Braden/Faber/Handly, "Role-based architecture", Hotnets 2002): provides header space for more than one "network function"
      • [graphic: NFN started on top of NDN and both might change positions] Once you make these "namable", NFN becomes the core
      • ICN as assembly of several "engines":
        - name space/expr [expression] engine (CCN style, pub/sub [publish-subscribe], [Network] Datalog [(NDlog)], lambda expr)
        - forwarder engine, policy engine, charging engine"
    • Publish-Subscribe Internet Routing Paradigm (PSIRP) and PUblish-SUbscribe Internet Technologies (PURSUIT),
    • Service-Centric Networking (SCN)

    As we said in the related notes and messages in February and March 2019, most of Centric/Named and Semantic networking is an OntoClone. For example,

  • NDN is basically Content-Addressable Storage and our Ontologic File System (OntoFS),
  • NFN is basically NDN with our Ontologic roBot (OntoBot) component,
  • SCN without ontology is old Object-Oriented (OO 1) vine and other old stuff, like for example Java Virtual Machine (JVM), Juxtapose (JXTA), Java Jini based on JavaSpaces, Rio based on Jini, and Java Agent Development Environment (JADE), programming languages with distributed scope (e.g. Obliq) and other distributed shared object systems (e.g. X10), etc., in new skins, and
  • other foundations of Centric/Named and Semantic networking can also be found in our OS, such as the OntoNet, OntoWeb, and OntoVerse, as well as OntoScope components.

    Eventually, we have essential parts of our Ontologic System Architecture (OSA) and Ontologic System Components (OSC), which goes beyond OO 1, Grid Computing (GC or GridC), Peer-to-Peer Computing (P2PC), and so on. But we did not stop at this point.

    AM, BB, CAM, Centric/Named, Semantic, etc. are not sufficient, but are already in our OS, and missing is an overall system architecture, which is also already in our Ontologic System (OS) with its integrating Ontologic System Architecture (OSA), obviously (see also the Ontologic Net Further steps #1 of the 18th of February 2019 once again).

    We also have

  • ontologies everywhere, for example in relation to discovery, Ubiquitous Computing (UbiC), and so on,
  • contexts everywhere, for example in relation to Arrow System (AS) of the TUNES OS, PolyContextural Logic (PCL), Virtual Object System (VOS), Centric/Named and Semantic networking(?), context broker agent, and so on,
  • interests everywhere, for example in relation to Area of Interest (AoI), Centric/Named and Semantic networking, and so on,
  • roles everywhere, for example in relation to scalable Distributed System, TS, actor-based system, and MAS, and Centric/Named and Semantic networking (see also adaptive Distributed Systems in the OntoLix and OntoLinux Website update of the 10th of March 2019 once again),
  • actors everywhere, for example in relation to TS, P2P, DHT, Centric/Named and Semantic networking, and so on,
  • meassages everywhere, for example in relation to networks, environments, and so on,
  • publish-subscribe architectures, protocols, and networks everywhere, for example in relation to WWW (see also Innovation Pipeline of Ontonics), Centric/Named and Semantic networking, TS, environments, and so on (see also the OntoLix and OntoLinux Website update of the 12th of March 2019 once again),
  • engines everywhere, for example in relation to Ubiquitous Computing (UbiC) and Internet of Things (IoT), and Networked Embedded Systems (NES), Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), Web of Things (WoT), IIoT, Industry 5.0, Content-Addressable and Centric/Named and Semantic networking, and so on,
  • Virtual Machines (VMs) everywhere, for example in relation to operating system (os), programming language, and so on,
  • agents, for example in relation to ..., and so on,
  • orchestration everywhere, for example in relation to service, container, mesh, federation, delivery, and so on,
  • discovery everywhere, for example in relation to service, neighbour, and so on,
  • marketplaces, for example in relation to raw signals and data, information, roles, goods (e.g. applications, devices, etc.), services, and so on,
  • transactions, for example in relation to filesystems (FSs), DataBases (DBs), networks, and so on,
  • environments everywhere, for example in relation to
    • Problem Solving Environment (PSE),
    • Virtual Environment (VE)
      • Distributed Virtual Environment (DVE) or Networked Virtual Environment (NVE)
        • Massively Multiuser Virtual Environment (MMVE)
          • Multiplayer Online Game (MOG) (see also Voronoi Overlay Network (VON)-based Application-layer Spatial Publish Subscribe (SPS) with Topology-awareness (VAST) and self-organization in Adaptive Scalable Cooperative Environment for Networked Virtual Environment (NVE) Developments (ASCEND) in the OntoLix and OntoLinux Website update of the 12th of March 2019) and
          • Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing Game (MMORPG),
        • Collaborative Virtual Environment (CVE), and
        • 3-Dimensional Virtual Environment (3DVE),

      and also

    • other types of environment,
  • everything everywhere, for example in relation to this and that, and so on.

    In the course of the review ... in the Further steps of the 29th of October 2022 ...

    Problems or detail questions, focuses, fine tunes
    homogeneous, which means holonic and liquid overall architecture, which is true to our OSA
    requirements for different OAOS, including informations and communications, environments, real-time systems (e.g. traffic, robotics), ...
    requirements for different

  • environments, including
    • Problem Solving Environment (PSE),
    • Virtual Environment (VE)
      • Distributed Virtual Environment (DVE) or Networked Virtual Environment (NVE),
        • Massively Multiuser Virtual Environment (MMVE)
          • Multiplayer Online Game (MOG) and
          • Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing Game (MMORPG),
      • Collaborative Virtual Environment (CVE), and
      • 3-Dimensional Virtual Environment (3DVE),
    • (information) spaces, environments, worlds, and universes respectively realities
      • Virtual Reality Environment (VRE),
      • Augmented Reality Environment (ARE), and
      • Mixed Reality Environment (MRE),

      and also

    • other types of environment,
  • scientific simulation, racing simulation,
  • Real-Time Traffic Management System (RTTMS),
  • social networking,
  • etc..

    The seamless integration with the legacy Interconnected network (Internet), World Wide Web (WWW), and Virtual Environment (VE) and the migration from them to our ON, OW, and OV, including our

  • Communication and Collaboration System (CoCoS or Co²S) and
  • Social and Societal System (SoSoS or S³),

    are easily possible.

    Talk to the Matter
    Talk to the Machine
    Talk to the Net
    Talk to the Web
    Talk to the Universe
    Talk to us

    By the way:

  • Once again, we found several more plagiarisms of scientists, specifically in relation to PhDs and criminal research projects of the DARPA, NSF, EU EC, universities, industries, and other entities. It is epidemic and even pandemic.
    Who do those fraudsters and criminals think the other members of the society and we are?
    Of course, we will not take care of them and highly recommend all entities not to claim for fair use, free use, and so on, because in many cases it is in the legal scope of ... our Ontoverse (Ov), aka. OntoLand (OL). Legal certainty can only be provided and guaranteed by our Society for Ontological Performance and Reproduction (SOPR) (worldwide), because C.S. created the OS and we own it.
  • We also can prove that we hold the copyright for our eXtended Mixed Reality (XMR) and hence eXtended Reality (XR), because it and even the term were always there in the section Magic Mirror World of the webpage Overview of the website of OntoLinux. So either remove it from other publications or reference C.S. or our OS.


    08.November.2022

    06:44 UTC+2
    Ontonics Further steps

    We are also considering to demand the same like in the case of modules in the fields of Network System (NetS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) (see the message Ontonics Further steps of the 1st of August 2022 for more information) for more parts of the production of mobile goods (e.g. devices (hand-held, wrist-worn, and head-mounted Ontoscopes, intelliTablets, laptops and notebooks), automobiles, drones, robots, etc.) based on our Ontoscope (Os).

    01:33 and 14:22 UTC+1
    Further steps, Ontologic Net Further steps, and SOPR

    *** Work in progress ***
    So, we are back into the hotspot after looking at what we did since the year 1998 and described and explained in more detail throughout the following years, specifically since the end of October 2006 and since the year 2019.

    Actually, we are looking in some more detail at the mess, or better said next frauds and serious crimes, related to the field of Information-Centric Networking (ICN), including the subfields of

  • Content-Centric Networking (CCN) 2007/Named Data Neworking (NDN) 2010,
  • Named Function Networking (NFN) ("extends the CCN/NDN" respectively classic ICN),
  • Publish-Subscribe Internet Routing Paradigm (PSIRP) and PUblish-SUbscribe Internet Technologies (PURSUIT),
  • Service-Centric Networking (SCN),
  • etc.,

    also wrongly called Future Internet, New Generation Network (NGN), and so on by others, and plagiarisms and OntoClones by us. Too many actors are convinced that democracy is just only another manifestation of anarchy. In this sense, we do agree to disagree.
    We are also looking at some more detail at DVE or NVE architectures to iron out the last wrinkles, cure minor deficits, and improve where possible respectively to conduct usual evolutionary system development after our revolutionary creations around 1998 to 2005.

    Howsoever, we feel that we have reached the point where our OS truly begins to materialize and that only some very few decisions or determinations regarding a common base or standard, or even only the realization respectively implementation of it are missing.
    In more technical details, it is about

  • identifying, marking, naming,
  • ontologies, and
  • speech, gesture, and emotion acts, and also
  • logical engines and intelligent agents,
  • Multimodal, Modular Machine Learning Models (MMMLMs), and
  • Natural Multimodal Processing (NMP) and Natural Multimodal Understanding (NMU), as well as
  • self-organization and automation,
  • problems or detail questions, focuses, fine tunes already mentioned in the Further steps of the 29th of October 2022 and 6th of November 2022.
    What we want is crystal clear anyway since 16 years now:
    Talk to the Matter,
    Talk to the Machine,
    Talk to the Net,
    Talk to the Web,
    Talk to the Universe,
    Cyberspace,
    Metaverse,
    Tron,
    Matrix,
    pocket god,
    personal spirit,
    and much more respectively our Ontoverse (Ov), of course without villains.

    In this relation, we already said that our approach regarding creation, development, implementation, deployment, operation, maintenance, and migration is seamless. In fact, by having the Society for Ontological Performance and Reproduction (SOPR) data centers on-premise of Ontologic Services Providers (OAOSPs), we can experiment with the prototype and subsequent versions, and improve the soft parts, but also can do so with the hard parts (e.g. processors and routers) without disturbing the daily operation of the existing Internet and World Wide Web (WWW), and the already existing parts of our Ontologic System, also wrongly called Web Services (WS), Grid Computing (GC or GridC), and Cloud, Edge, and Fog Computing and Networking (CEFCN).
    Please keep in mind that we have a handle on the modules in the fields of Network System (NetS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) (see the message Ontonics Further of the 1st of August 2022 for more information) and therefore we will not tolerate any oversmart hardware manufacturers in the U.S.America, P.R.China, European Union, or elsewhere.
    Also keep in mind that this new network hardware is installed in the facilities of the infrastructures of our SOPR and that we announced to award contracts to Main Contractors (MCs) through public tenders.
    In short, no circumventions and infringements of the rights and properties of C.S. and our corporation here, too.

    Most potentially, we already provided a related Teaching, Suggestion, Motivation (TSM).
    When looking at the partial OntoClones, called Content-Centric Networking (CCN), Information-Centric Networking (ICN), Service-Centric Networking (SCN), Named Data Networking (NDN), Named Function Networking (NFN), and so on, then we always note that the locations of things or objects, including raw signals and data, informations, knowledge, and other contents, functions, applications, services, devices, actors, agents, and users sooner or later play an important role. But we already

  • have the fixed location of an immovable object, for example a hardware router, but also a software router, which is the location of the related hardware processor, server, data center, and so on, and
  • get the changing location of a moving object as well on demand.

    On this basis, we simply exploit this highly valuable and freely available facts respectively informations about the space and time just by design of our Ontologic System (OS). See also for example the field of (decentralized or distributed) Network Coordinate System (NCS).
    And because we are talking about existence and ontology all the time, we also have the unambiguous and unforgeable IDentity of items in this observable Universe, as explained elsewhere on this website of OntomaX and on the websites of OntoLinux and OntoLix in more detail.

    The successor of the Internet Protocol (IP) address or number is the four-dimensional (4D) designation in space and time:

  • longitude and latitude and altitude, and
  • time, Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)

    of a

  • data center,
  • server rack,
  • server computer,
  • server blade,
  • processor,
  • physical memory address,
  • etc.,

    and all the other things

  • on the planet Earth and
  • in the observable Universe

    accordingly.

    The successor of the World Wide Web (WWW) domain is a real name:

  • galaxy,
  • planet,
  • country,
  • city,
  • street,
  • lot number,
  • house number,
  • room number,
  • serial number,
  • number plate,
  • first name, last name,
  • nickname,
  • label,
  • trademark,
  • etc..

    There is no need for

  • protocol designators, like for example HTTP, FTP, etc.,
  • prefixes, like for example WWW, and
  • double slash (//) notation.

    But for sure, a domain respectively name and address can include such designators, prefixes, and slashes, if they are useful.

  • space-driven or (IDentity) data independent method (location dependent) and
  • data-driven or (IDentity) data dependent (location independent) method

    Space-driven is based on

  • static and
  • dynamic,
  • regular,
  • semi-regular, and
  • irregular

    partitionings, disjoint sets, non-overlapping regions, grids, tilings, tessellations, spatial indices, etc. (e.g. hexagonal (e.g. Geodesic Grid (ISEA3H)), square, triangle, quadtree, Voronoi, Delanauy, Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM), ISO 6709, Military Grid Reference System (MGRS), Global Area Reference System (GARS), etc.) of sets, structures, surfaces, spaces, etc., as required by individual Ontologic Applications and Ontologic Services (OAOS).
    "Uniformity of shape and regularity of metrics provide better [partition or] grid-indexing algorithms."
    If we remember correctly, we already mentioned that these additional informations are advantageously, because they do not have to be established by probing, gathering informations in the background, and so on, and provide many possibilies and applications (e.g. traffic management, self-driving cars, virtual personal guard in real environments, and so on).

    Data-driven is based on

  • associative or associatively-addressable,
  • content-addressable, and
  • named

    networking.

    Messaging, lookup, discovery, routing and forwarding, caching, replication, consistency, synchronization, orchestration, composition, and so on work accordingly.

    Content-Addressable and Centric/Named and Semantic, and so on networking can be done in addition to the real and virtual IDentity.
    {potentially better or even corrected explanation partially required} The reason for this order is that BlackBoard (BB) (e.g. Tuple Space (TS)) systems are examples for data-driven coordination models, and provide the most advantages with a central entity or master. This also holds in case of hardware networking devices (e.g. network router and network switch) with Content-Addressable Memory (CAM), which is an Associative Memory (AM) or Associatively-Addressable Memory (AAM), and is frequently used for the optimization and acceleration of Forwarding Information Base (FIB) and Routing Table (RT) operations, and also used in cache memory, as well as Content-Centric/Named Data Networking and Named Function Networking.

    Indeed, one could implement a kernel-less network, but it is more expensive (e.g. latency) without providing a practical benefit (see also for example the quote of the document titled "Co-ordination in software agent systems" in the Clarification of the 13th of April 2022 (look for the first bold letters)). Client-Server (C-S), Master-Worker (M-W), and Point-to-Point (Po2Po) are more efficient than Peer-to-Peer (P2P), so that trade-offs have to be made to get the best of both, the centralized and decentralized approaches. Exactly the same holds for the fields of Object Request Broker (ORB), Distributed Virtual Environment (DVE) or Networked Virtual Environment (NVE), and all the other fields and their implementations and applications, including Java Jini and JavaSpaces, as shown by others in particular and us in general.
    For example, Jini has to broker proxies for services, but not the services themselves to increase the efficiency of such a Tuple Space (TS) system, specifically by decreasing latency between resource or service providers or servers and related requesters or clients, actors, agents, and so on. The proxies are then used by them for direct or Po2Po communication. See also the note about the document "Using JavaSpaces to create adaptive distributed systems" in the OntoLix and OntoLinux Website update of the 10th of March 2019.
    See also the second section and other related sections of the Further steps of the 6th of November 2022.

    Speech, gesture, and emotion acts as multimodal input and output.
    We also mentioned several times that we have ontologies and ontologics for everything, and the real and virtual machines and spirits do the rest for us.

    Needless to say, other problems arise, such as privacy, security, and integrity of data. But our OS already has much more new features and functionalities to handle this. Governments, that do mass surveillance can do so and are doing so anyway with or without our OS and our allowance, though this is a different topic for debate.

    Now, we have to do a lot of legal and organizational work at first.


    09.November.2022

    04:20 UTC+1
    16 years of official start of OS

    04:20, 06:00, and 28:20 UTC+1
    Clarification

    It is estimated by calculation that the observable Universe contains between 10^78 to 10^82 real atoms. That is not a big number, specifically for mathematicians, who work with prime numbers, informaticians, who work with cryptographic technologies, and computer scientists, who work with massive parallel computing systems.
    C.S. has created and designed the Caliber/Calibre, the Ontologic System Architecture (OSA), and the topology of our Ontologic Net (ON) of our Ontologic System (OS) in such a way that every atom can be addressed and looked up with O(1) space or run time requirement or just around 82 to 86 steps and spatially and temporally simulated and handled as an Ontologic holon or Onton, also wrongly called digital twin, in our Ontologic Web (OW) and Ontologic Universe (OV), also wrongly called mirror world, in O(logk n) like an item or object in a Problem Solving Environment (PSE) or a Virtual Environment (VE), such as Distributed Virtual Environment (DVE) or Networked Virtual Environment (NVE), including Massively Multiuser Virtual Environment (MMVE), and Collaborative Virtual Environment (CVE).

    Add (the limits of) the Planck units and the latest descriptions about black holes and wormholes, as well as a holographic cosmos based on our OS with our Caliber/Calibre, Theory of Everything (ToE), Twin Ion Engine Royal (TIE R) / LightSwift, and other creations, and not on the alleged recent findings of some scientists, and the whole world looks different.

    But at this point the matter only begins to become complex with the fields of Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and Astronomy, and planets, stars, blackholes, molecules, proteins, cells, plants, living beings, etc., and their behaviour and interaction, and so on.

    From cybernetical systems over mirror worlds and digital twins to Ontologic holons or Ontons.
    From Physical Reality (PR) over Mixed Reality (MX) and eXtended Reality (XR) to New Reality (NR).

    Welcome to the Ontoverse (Ov).


    11.November.2022

    10:55 UTC+1
    Ontologic Net Further steps

    We are looking at some details in the field of of Distributed System (DS) or Distributed Computing (DC), specifically the integration and scalability of

  • Distributed Virtual Environment (DVE) or Networked Virtual Environment (NVE), and
  • Centric/Named and Semantic networking.

    Actually, C.S. is simulating it in the head once again, but with some more technical details regarding routing and forwarding, to see how it swings and reasonates.

    Potentially, we also have developed an improvement of the Luleå algorithm or even a new one, which is used for finding the longest prefix match, emulate the function of Content-Addressable Memory (CAM), which is utilized in networking devices to speed up Forwarding Information Base (IB) and Routing Table (RT) operations, and realizing more cost effective routers and switches without CAM.
    We are also looking at new designs for CAM chips.

    See also the OntoLix and OntoLinux Website update of the 20th of February 2019 for the work titled "SNAMP: Secure Namespace Mapping to Scale NDN Forwarding" and the Ontologic Net Further steps of the 23rd of February 2019, both in relation to the map-and-encap approach, which are used to keep the size of the FIB and RT under control.


    14.November.2022

    01:29, 09:25, and 13:45 UTC+1
    Further steps, Ontologic Net Further steps

    *** Work in progress ***
    This is a continuation of the work mentioned in the

  • Further steps of the 29th of October 2022,
  • Further steps and SOPR of the 6th of November 2022,
  • Further steps, Ontologic Net Further steps, and SOPR of the 8th of November 2022, and
  • matter referenced therein.

    We concluded that we had some problems with the ICN respectively Centric/Named networking approach, but at first we have not noted it at all and recently we did not understand why. Maybe, we did not understand how they wanted to steal this part of our Ontologic System (OS) as well.

    The point is that 2 different aspects have been mixed 2 times with

  • address-centric or host-centric networking, and name resolution on the one side, and
  • data-centric, information centric, or content-centric networking, and name-based routing (and forwarding) on the other side.

  • business logic of an application is mixed with operation logic of a network and
  • usage is mixed with operation

    Indeed, the operation of a network is a business process of the Communication Service Provider (CSP), specifically in the field of as a Service capability and operational models (aaSx).
    But to integrate all in one does not have to be realized in this way, because separation and integration are 2 options.

    2 different aspects

  • data, information, or content on the one side and
  • function, application, and service on the other side

    This can be nicely observed with the comparison of the fields of

  • Active Networking (AN), Software-Defined Networking (SDN), Software-Defined Wide Area Networking (SDWAN) for explicitly programming a data path, and
  • Named Function Networking (NFN), and Named Function Networking (NFN) and Service-Centric Networking (SCN) 1 (content object, service object, combined content and service object), and also SCN 2 (Service Access Layer (SAL) between ISO/OSI Layer 3 resp. network layer and Layer 4 resp. transport layer) for
    • "letting the network compose a data path that satisfies the needs of a high level user program", and
    • transforming the Internet to what is wrongly called Grid, Cloud, Edge, and Fog Computing (GCEFC).

    assignment to layers of a system stack
    Application and Service-Oriented technologies (SOx)
    Centric/Named networking, specifically NFN and SCN 2
    AN, SDN, SDWAN

    We had already attempts in the 1990s and 2000s with various paradigms, approaches, data-driven and process-oriented coordination models or mechanisms, and programming languages and frameworks with distributed scope, , and so on, such as

  • OO 1 programming languages (e.g. Obliq, Java, Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA), Adaptive Communication Environment (ACE)),
  • Agent-Oriented Programming (AOP) and Multi-Agent System (e.g. FIPA),
  • Grid Computing (GC) (e.g. Globus Toolkit, Netsolve, BOINC),
  • Peer-to-Peer Computing (P2PC) (e.g. Juxtapose (JXTA), Java Jini, JavaSpaces, Chord), and
  • Cluster Computing (CC) (e.g. Massage Passing Interface (MPI), MPICH, MOSIX, X10).

    For example, JXTA already provides different P2P protocols defined as messages in eXtensible Markup Language (XML) and the work titled "Using JavaSpaces to create adaptive distributed systems" and based on Jini already provides a Protocol Agent for network protocols (see Figure 1).

    In addition, hybrids of name resolution and name-based routing:
    Arbitrary types of network and deployment paradigms are viewed as nodes connected to a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) and executed according to an overall routing and forwarding protocol.
    "The best current practice to manage this growth in terms of data volume and devices is to employ application-layer overlays such as [content distribution networks (]CDNs[)], P2P applications, and M2M application platforms that cache content, provide location-independent access to data, and optimize its delivery. In principle, such platforms provide a service model of accessing named data objects (NDOs) (replicated web resources, M2M data in data centers) instead of a host-to-host packet delivery service model.
    However, since this functionality resides in overlays only, the full potential of content distribution and M2M application platforms cannot be leveraged as the network is not aware of data requests and data transmissions, leading to: [several problems]."
    SCN 2 tries to change this with an SAL between network layer and transport layer.

    "There is a growing consensus in the recent literature that the central role of the IP address poorly fits the actual form of Internet usage. [...] users actually exploit the Internet in a content-centric way; indeed, they are not interested in knowing from "where" contents are provided, they are only interested in the fact that they can get "what" they want. Conversely, the underlying IP communication model is still address-centric (or host-centric); [...] Therefore, there is a mismatch between the content-centric usage model of the Internet and the address-centric service model offered by the IP layer."

    "factoring out location dependence from the interaction of the user with information" does not mean factoring out location dependence from the interaction of the underlying network with information

    But naming, discovering, and routing and forwarding are always required, besides the requirements to be as fast as possible and KISS.

    To use the IP address respectively name resolution is not a bad idea as is the case to use data, information, or content address respectively name-based routing.
    Staying true to our original and unique Ontologic System Architecture (OSA) means in general that "[t]he demand for not imposing static dependencies, or dependencies that arise in the design phase, among factors, captures the fact that natural selection will imply deprecating and dropping factors" and in particular

  • Object-Oriented (OO 1)
  • active object- and actor-based or -oriented (concurrent and lock-free or non-blocking),
  • agent-based or -oriented,
  • model-based and ontology-based,
  • Ontology-Oriented (OO 2), and
  • Ontologic (OO 3),

    and also

  • address-centric or host-centric,
  • data-centric, information-centric, or content-centric, and
  • function-centric or service-centric,

    as well as

  • interoperability,
  • scalability,
  • resilience (e.g. fault tolerance, trustworthiness (e.g. reliability, availabiltiy, safety, security, performability (Quality of Service (QoS))), redundancy, Byzantine resilience protocols, etc.),
  • flexibility,
  • extensibility,
  • evolvability,
  • and so on

    by design.
    For sure, this was also copied without referencing.
    Howsoever, we have a functional prototype and a lot of improvements for our Wide Area Network (WAN) (parallel computing) cluster with Distributed Shared Memory (DSM) respectively virtual shared memory, shared knowledge, and communal knowledge in addition to message-based communication.

    subsystems and platforms for the fabrics, and also other subsystems and platforms of the infrastructures of our SOPR (see the issue SOPR #327 of the 7th of June 2021)

  • Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)-like routing system in combination with other systems,
  • graph-based, scalable routing system, Map & Encap, ENCAPS, Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) (November 2007), Routing On Flat Labels (ROFL), Globally Routable Addresses (GRA)/Globally Deliverable Addresses (GDA) Separation Protocol ("which is not necessarily the same as the separation of locators and identifiers depending on their definitions"), topological (location-dependent) addressing, GSE/8+8, HLP, etc.,
  • global Name Resolution Server (NRS) ((parallel) cluster computing) system,
  • event notification,
  • messaging,
  • publish/subsribe,
  • and so on.

    Eventually, we are talking about the related vision and expression of idea, and also parts and components of our Ontologic System (OS).
    The next step would be more Cluster Computing (CC or ClusterC) and a so-called Global Brain, or being more precise, our

  • Ontologic Net (ON) or Universal Space and formerly Global Grid, and
  • Ontologic Web (OW) or Universal Brain Space or Global Brain 2.0, and formerly Global Brain Grid

    anyway, if we would not already be there since many years.

    This is the next serious copyright warning: We have not seen in true prior art and plagiarism such an architecture, topology, etc. in relation to our ON, also wrongly called Future Internet, New Generation Network (NGN) (e.g. Centric/Named networking), and so on, and even not in the field of Distributed Virtual Environment (DVE) or Networked Virtual Environment (NVE), and so on.
    By the way: We will not accept that entities take our OS as source of inspiration and blueprint, copy our expression of idea, and even claim that our original and unique ArtWorks (AWs) and further Intellectual Properties (IPs) would be their vision, idea, creation, innovation, research and development, work, achievement, and so on. There is absolutely no legal certainty in everything related to networking, Distributed Computing (DC), etc., etc., etc., that is related to respectively based on our OS.

    As is very well known, we came to the conclusion that the WAN supercomputer is the foundation to provide and integrate the other paradigms with it, like for example Grid Computing (GC or GridC), and Peer-to-Peer Computing (P2PC), Centric/Named networking, Reality Environment (RE), Problem Solving Environment, etc..

    Ontologic Applications and Ontologic Services Providers (OAOSPs) have 2 options:

  • interconnect an own supercomputer to the WAN cluster and
  • connect own facility (e.g. data center) by network protocol.

    Main Contractors (MCs) should interconnect in accordance to the contractual terms.

    "First, a naming scheme for services must be investigated. One potential solution is to structure and classify services hierarchically, as proposed in [10 [An Ontology-based Hierarchical Peer-to-Peer Global Service Discovery System]]. This hierarchy could be adopted as the naming scheme for services."
    This is one of the many ontology-based solutions we have integrated in our OS.
    By the way: Bingo!!! Do not ask us how many times we were allowed to call it in relation to Centric/Named networking, because of the many substantial and significant evidences, which show that our original and unique OS was taken as source of inspiration and blueprint without creating an own expression and hence a causal link to it.

    In relation to DVE or NVE we have a similar situation regarding

  • topology management,
  • underlay management,
  • overlay management,
  • interest management ("task of determining and delivering the messages of interest"), and
  • state management, regarding for example
    • stateless and stateful services,
    • events, and
    • updates.

    The common denominator of data, information, and content, and also interest is the messaging and the publish/subscribe paradigm, specifically Spatial Publish/Subscribe (SPS), if adding the aspect of location respectively the location to an actual ontology.
    multicast

    For example
    Voronoi-based Overlay Network (VON)
    "VAST: A Spatial Publish Subscribe Overlay for Massively Multiuser Virtual Environments"
    "[... VON-based Application-layer SPS with Topology-awareness (]VAST[)], a generic P2P overlay that provides spatial publish/subscribe (SPS) services with layers to support different VE requirements."
    "With SPS as a primitive, VE state management can be supported with two layers of SPS, one for event and another for updates dissemination (i.e., an event layer and an update layer)."
    But we note at this point that spatial can also be used and mixed in different ways and in wrong ways.

    Eventually, we have different types of Area of Interest (AoI) of all natural and artificil objects involved, which suggest individual layers, protocols, and managements.

    In addition, location and mobility of code, device, and user, security, and communication.
    here, data-centric, information-centric, and content-centric networking also show problems by design
    "factoring out location dependence from the interaction of the user with information"

    This leads back to communication, messaging, multicasting, etc.
    At this point we begin to run in circles.

    For sure, Centric/Named networking, including NFN and SCN, is already a copyright infringement, as is its integration into an operating system kernel and its integration with

  • C and C++,
  • Lisp,
  • Prolog, specifically
    • Datalog, specifically
      • Network Datalog (NDlog),
  • Poplog,
  • Maude,
  • PROgramming with Graph REwriting Systems (PROGRES),
  • X10, and
  • other programming paradigms and languages, and also
  • other Abstract Machines (AMs),

    and based on our expression of idea of a liquid all-in-one OSA viewed as multiparadigmatic architecture, meta-architecture, and expressive architecture, which is based on trust, identity, and ontology, including the Zero Ontology, hypergraph, including Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG), architecture, modeling, and components, wrongly called expressive identity, principle, principle type, factor, and empty set by plagiarisms, for an evolvable and trustworthy (successor of the) Internet (see above once again) were also all copied without referencing.

    By the way:

  • It is always better to collaborate with us.
  • All or nothing at all. Yesterday and not now and not in the future.
  • Sign, pay, comply.
  • Welcome to the Ontoverse (Ov).


    16.November.2022

    12:23, 13:39, and 19:53 UTC+1
    Further steps

    While analyzing a document about the field of Service-Centric Networking (SCN) with Service Access Layer (SAL) between Layer 3 network layer and Layer 4 transport layer (SCN 2), we noted a reference to another plagiarism, which focuses on the Inter-Process Communication (IPC) and the basic properties of our OS of

  • Operating System (OSys), specifically Distributed operating system (Dos), and
  • Virtual Environment (VE), specifically Distributed Virtual Environment (DVE) or Networked Virtual Environment (NVE), Massively Multiuser Virtual Environment (MMVE), and Collaborative Virtual Environment (CVE), and also
  • (mostly) being simple, and
  • reflective/fractal/holonic (e.g. repeating nature and model with repeating patterns, structures, layers, etc.)

    as basis for the Internet and for what is wrongly called Future Internet, New Generation Network (NGN), and so on, and is the one of the relative aggressive and criminal attempts of computer science researchers at a university at the east coast of the U.S.America to steal this part of our Ontologic System (OS).
    Unsurprisingly, the authors of the SCN 2 have not discussed this direction further, but simply pushed it away by merely mentioning that the position paper understandably does not present a detailed solution.
    Howsoever, our original and unique expressions of ideas do not require a specific presentation to be protected by the copyright.

    Obviously, that document about the IPC approach is a plagiarism as well, because IPC is operating system or kernel layer, and has been discussed in relation to our foundations of the fields of microService-Oriented Archticture (mSOA) and Resource-Oriented Computing (ROC) created, presented, performed, and discussed with our original and unique work of art also titled Evolutionary operating system (Evoos), and in case of a Distributed System (DS) we are directly in the field of Distributed operating system (Dos) anyway, like for example TUNES OS and Aperion (Apertos (Muse)), and at least another document in relation to our successor of the Internet, which we have called Ontologic Net (ON) for better understanding, is also a plagiarism written and publicated as part of an overall fraudulent or even serious criminal activity to mislead the public about the true origin of our OS with its ON (see also the related statements in the Further steps of the 14th of November 2022).

    Indeed, the view that networking is IPC dates back to the year 1972 or even longer, but this statement was meant more generally and particularly not in relation to the

  • Internet (packet switching came in 1965, Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) project was initiated in 1966 and operational in 1971, ARPANET interconnected with National Physical Laboratory Data Communications Network by Internet came in 1973 and "A Protocol for Packet Network Intercommunication" 1974) and
  • Ethernet (Additive Links On-line Hawaii Area wireless packet data network (ALOHAnet) came in 1970 and Ethernet was developed at the company Xerox PARC between 1973 and 1974).

    It is also nothing new in the field of High-Performance Computing (HPC), specifically parallel computing and cluster computing. The latter also points to the field of SCN based on the Object-Oriented (OO 1) paradigm (SCN 1), which again is also applied in the field of HPC since decades and related to our OS with its ON in the context discussed herein.
    In this context, we would like to recall that we listed Problem Solving Environment (PSE) in the section Basic Properties of the webpage Overview of our OS OntoLinux and a PSE is based on the field of SuperComputing (SC or SupC), including

  • High-Throughput Computing (HTC),
  • High Performance Computing (HPC or HPerC),
  • High Performance Communications (HPC or HPerCom),
  • High Productivity Computing (HPC or HProC),
  • Distributed SuperComputing (DSC or DSupC), including
    • Grid Computing (GC or GridC), and
    • Wide Area Network (WAN) SuperComputing (WANSC) or Interconnected SuperComputing (ISC),
  • Cluster Computing (CC or ClusterC),
  • Many-Task Computing (MTC),
  • etc.,

    (see for example the feature of "'Cluster functionality" listed in the Feature-List #1 and note that our OS has these features by design besides Grid Computing (GC) and Peer-to-Peer Computing (P2PC) functionalities at least since its start in October 2006, though Evoos has some features since December 1999).

    We even handle our ON, which is the successor of the Internet, also as a PSE besides as a DVE or NVE, and so on.

    A plagiarism copied our related expression of idea and edited our presentation of the foundation and reflective, fractal, holonic, and liquid Ontologic System Architecture (OSA) based on graph, and ontology, as well as operating system by saying and claiming the following: "This position paper outlines a new network architecture, i.e., a style of construction that identifies the objects and how they relate. We do not specify particular protocol implementations or specific interfaces and policies."
    This was not the first time that we were able to convict the same faculty of Computer Science at that university and other universities.

    The whole matter becomes even more interesting and nasty somehow with the existence and support of a programming language by an institute of technology in the same town at the east coast and also several federal agencies of the U.S.America, because this programming language reflects some of the basic properties of our OS.

    We quote an online encyclopedia about this specific subject: "[The programming language] is a high-level, dynamic programming language. Its features are well suited for numerical analysis and computational science.[25][26][27][28]
    Distinctive aspects of [the programming language]'s design include a type system with parametric polymorphism in a dynamic programming language; with multiple dispatch as its core programming paradigm. [The programming language] supports concurrent, (composable) parallel and distributed computing (with or without using [Message Passing Interface (MPI[)][29] or the built-in corresponding[clarification needed][30] to "OpenMP-style" threads[31]), and direct calling of C and Fortran libraries without glue code. [The programming language] uses a just-in-time (JIT) compiler [...].
    [The programming language] is garbage-collected,[34] uses eager evaluation, and includes efficient libraries for floating-point calculations, linear algebra, random number generation, and regular expression matching. [...]
    [...]
    [The programming language] works with other languages, calling C has special support [...].

    History
    [...]
    [...] in December 2019 the company got $1.1 million funding from the US government to "develop a neural component machine learning tool to reduce the total energy consumption of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems in buildings".[84] In July 2021, [the programming language] Computing announced they raised a $24 million Series A round led by [an investor],[85] which also owns [a] Formula 1 team [...], that partnered with [the programming language company]. [The Formula 1 team's] Commercial Director said: "Investing in companies building best-in-class cloud technology is a strategic focus for [an investor] and [the programming language]'s versatile platform, with revolutionary capabilities in simulation and modelling, is hugely relevant to our business. We look forward to embedding [the programming language company] in the world's most technologically advanced sport".[86]

    Language features
    [The programming language] is a general-purpose programming language,[87] while also originally designed for numerical/technical computing. It is also useful for low-level systems programming,[88] as a specification language,[89] High-level Synthesis (HLS) tool (for hardware, e.g. FPGAs),[90] and for web programming[91] at both server[92][93] and client[94][16] side.
    The main features of the language are:

  • Multiple dispatch: providing ability to define function behavior across combinations of argument types
  • [...]
  • A built-in package manager
  • Lisp-like macros and other metaprogramming facilities
  • Call C functions directly without wrappers or special APIs
  • Ability to interface with other languages [...]
  • [...]

    Multiple dispatch (also termed multimethods in Lisp) is a generalization of single dispatch - the polymorphic mechanism used in common object-oriented programming (OOP) languages, [...] that uses inheritance. [...] Concrete types can not themselves be subtyped the way they can in other languages; composition is used instead (see also inheritance vs subtyping).
    [...]
    [The programming language] draws inspiration from various dialects of Lisp, including Scheme and Common Lisp, and it shares many features with Dylan, also a multiple-dispatch-oriented dynamic language (which features an ALGOL-like free-form infix syntax rather than a Lisp-like prefix syntax, while in [the programming language] "everything"[99] is an expression), and with Fortress, another numerical programming language (which features multiple dispatch and a sophisticated parametric type system).

    [...]

    Implementation
    [...]
    Since [the programming language] uses JIT, [the programming language] generates native machine code directly, before a function is first run (i.e. a different approach than compiling to bytecode, that you distribute by default, to be run on a virtual machine (VM), as with e.g. Java/JVM; then translated from the bytecode while running, as done by Dalvik on older versions of [the partial OS variant] Android).
    [...]"

    Comment
    Our fans and readers might take some time to compare this programming language with the programming language Java and with our Ontologic Programming (OP) paradigm to be able to give the obvious answer where the ""everything is an expression" and other properties truly come from.
    Honestly, we always wonder since 2006 why they are still creating (new and rudimentary) programming languages for other reasons than education.

    Sadly to say, that programming language is based on the old general approach and is more or less just only syntactic sugar, which is hyped by marketing, as usual.

    In relation to the legal and commercial matters we simply refer to the

  • national and international laws, regulations, and acts, as well as agreements, conventions, and charters, and
  • regulations of the Articles of Association (AoA) and the Terms of Services (ToS) with the License Model (LM) and Main Contract Model (MCM) of our Society for Ontological Performance and Reproduction (SOPR),

    which by the way do apply for this programming language and for all entities in the U.S.America and elsewhere as well.

    Now, we are coming back to the truly original and interesting thing, which is our OS, including our Evoos. But let us mention at first the following:
    Success story continues and no end in sight

    In fact, one can already see now where that circus is going to after fiddling around with for example what is wrongly called

  • Service-Oriented Computing (SOC),
  • Grid, Cloud, Edge, and Fog Computing (GCEFC),
  • Future Internet, New Generation Network (NGN) (e.g. Centric/Named networking), etc.,
  • Software-Defined Networking (SDN),
  • 5th Generation mobile networks or 5th Generation wireless systems of the Next Generation (5G NG) and the 6th Generation mobile networks or 6th Generation wireless systems (6G),
  • and so on,

    or better said how it continues with following us. We already pointed at this in relation to SCN 1 in 2019 and SCN 2 recently, as well as other works related to our Ontologic Web (OW) or Universal Brain Space or Global Brain 2.0, and formerly Global Brain Grid.

    As we always say, two of the foundational ideas behind our OS are to

  • base it on a graph, or being more precise a hypergraph, and
  • generalize and unify the basic structures, architectures, items, components, and systems on the basis of graphs and
  • specify and interpret them on the basis of ontology, which can even be done at runtime by reflection and without disturbing the actual operation.

    In this way, our Ontologic System Architecture (OSA) integrates all in one and can be viewed as a layered system, which depends on the applied ontology respectively point of view of the user respectively observer (see also the Arrow System (AS) of the TUNES OS once again).
    We explained this general property many years ago by taking an atom model and the location of an electron at a specific time as an example.

    We also have

  • key-value data structures, including hash-based data structures,
  • statement-based data stores, including triple stores, tuple stores, and associative databases,
  • tables,
  • layers,
  • communication acts and patterns (e.g. messaging),
  • and so on.

    We also know that no single solution fits all demands regarding the successors of the Internet, the World Wide Web (WWW), and the Mixed Reality (MR).
    But everything existing and being proposed is based on these old and new structures and technologies respectively solutions, and we can map all concepts and data structures of Client-Server, Master-Worker, Cluster, P2P, what is wrongly called GCEFC, Centric/Named networking, and so on in a standardized and efficient way.

    What we are doing right in the last days is to use our general foundation for the final definition or configuration of the technical details of the special use case of interconnected networking, which is including supercomputing, and so on and is based on supercomputing itself. The concept is already known since 1999 and 2006, and how this looks like should be obvious for true experts after all of our publications.

    We also said to begin with a name service and a Name Resolution Server (NRS), or better said Name Resolution Cluster (NRC), based on for example the physical locations of the hardware, which can be static or fixed, or dynamic or mobile. This is even needed with a flat or single layer architecture.
    At this point, we also have the OntoBase and OntoBot components available, including Prolog, Datalog, and Network Datalog (NDlog), and every other kind of abstract machine, programming language, datastorage, database, logic engine, and so on (see the feature of "'Full Scripting' of the operating system functions (see e.g. Open Source Poplog and OntoBot)" listed in the Feature-List #1 and note that our OS has these features by design at least since its start in October 2006, though Evoos has some features since December 1999).
    This allows for example to specify and verify policies declaratively with or without executive models or specifications in general and to do declarative networking in particular even with Autonomic Computing (AC) and Resource-Oriented Computing (ROC) through our OntoBot.

    The next requirement after naming and routing/forwarding is binding. SCN 2 with SAL supports late binding as is the case with some few other approaches in the field of Centric/Named networking, including plagiarisms of the related part of our OS.

    But it must also be as fast as possible and KISS. What we have seen so far is not faster than TCP/IP, which is an argument for keeping name resolution and related network protocols as long as no alternative is available everywhere.

    We are also bothered by the approach that suddenly everything related to what is wrongly called GCEFC, Future Internet, New Generation Network (NGN) (e.g. Centric/Named networking), and so on should be a service of an application, which is not the case.

    Obviously, many experts and even non-experts have understood at least this part of our OS.

    We are still working through SCN 2 and also reading the plagiarisms discussed in the last days.

    The rest is puzzling the pieces together in the best way. But as we said before, it is clear how our OS works and it is time for the legal matter.

    Welcome to the Ontoverse (Ov).


    17.November.2022

    Ontonics Further steps

    We have continued with the adjustment of our overall business plan, specifically the investment and development plans and the sequence of steps, to adapt to the latest decisions of governments and industries (see also the Ontonics Further steps of the 9th of June 2022).

    We also extended the special investment program for the Amazon region, which now includes for example a truly working reforestation and a truly sustainable forestry and wood working industry besides other activities as part of our environmental reconstruction and climate change reversal.


    18.November.2022

    14:10, 19:25, and 29:12 UTC+1
    Further steps

    *** Work in progress ***
    Names are the objects and the nodes in a network. For supporting to this approach, we already have a scalable Name Resolution System (NRS), which allows topological addressing physically and virtually.
    But a network has also edges between the nodes. Therefore, we also need a scalable routing system and the TCP/IP and the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) routing are considered since over 15 years as not being adequat for what we are realizing worldwide and keeping them is only meant for backward compatibility (in the phase of transition to our Ontoverse (Ov)).

    We have

  • (hyper)graph-based solutions by the very foundation of our OS in comparison to the Internet also has graph-based, but only hierarchical tree-based locator network topology and one path between end-sites,
  • physical and virtual topological addressing by the basic properties of our OS, including our eXtended Mixed Reality© (XMR) or simply eXtended Reality© (XR) as well due to the same expression of idea, which again includes Distributed Virtual Environment (DVE) or Networked Virtual Environment (NVE), including Massively Multiuser Virtual Environment (MMVE), and Collaborative Virtual Environment (CVE), which again is (the part of) the expression of idea already copied for Centric/Named networking and hybrid of name resolution and name-based routing/forwarding based on hierarchical Multi-level Distributed Hash Table (MDHT).
    The latter also matches works like Virtual Service Grid (VSG), Scalable Distributed Tuplespace (SDT), Cluster Computing (CC or ClusterC), Grid Computing (GC or GridC), and Peer-to-Peer Computing (P2PC), including Hierarchical Clusters, Structured Superpeers, network topologies of DVEs or NVEs based on Client-Server (C-S), Master-Worker (M-W), GC, P2P, and hybrids of them, and also all the other hybrids of computing and networking paradigms, approaches, and so on.
    At this point, one can see once again that the first generation of our OS needed only to integrate these already existing software implementations in 2006.
  • control plane/data plane split, and comparable approaches,
  • Active Networking (AN), Software-Defined Networking (SDN) with Network Function Virtualization (NFV), and Virtualized Network Function (VNF), and also what is wrongly called Cloud Native Computing and Networking (CNCN) with Cloud-native Network Function (CNF) (SDN-NFV-VNF-CNF),
  • Convergence Layer (CL), Service Access Layer (SAL), and comparable approaches,
  • scalable Map & Encap for name resolution and name-based routing/forwarding,
  • topological (location-dependent) addressing, like for example GSE/8+8,
  • HLP ("compartmentalizes the lower tiers in Internet's topological hierarchy into separate regions", see also DVE or NVE with zoning, partioning),
  • shim6/multi6/Host Identity Protocol (HIP)/Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP),
  • etc.

    in addition to all the many other technologies.

    "The fundamental problem in scaling the current routing architecture is that the architecture still treats every [Autonomous System (]AS[) introduced with EGP (the predecessor of BGP)] equally (i.e., the routing at the Inter-domain level is flat), even though customer networks (e.g., university campuses) and provider networks (e.g., [a large Communication Service Provider (CSP)]) have different business models, different growth trends, and different goals in network operations. At the same time, the Internet depends [on] topologically aggregatable address assignments to scale its routing system."
    "Two different dimensions of approaches/trade­offs [(related to only name resolution, not name-based routing)]:

  • [(End-)]Host-based vs. network/[(border-)]router-based (which devices change?)
  • New name space vs. re-use/re-purpose of existing name space"

    {better explanation, because of our more general solution, but it remains some kind of another Area of Interest (AoI)} Required for scalable routing/forwarding is the separation of Globally Routable Addresses (GRA) and Globally Deliverable Addresses (GDA), {not quite correct, because our approach based on graph and DVE is more general} specifically our GRA/GDA Separation Protocol (GGSP), which is not necessarily the same as the session layer IDentifier (ID) (endpoint "name", "who respectively what")/routing and forwarding locator (LOC) (source and destination "address", "where") (ID/LOC) split, specifically the Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) for IPv6 addresses (November 2007).
    But our ON provides both and we even have the generalized approach and much more with high performance and efficiency, and get late binding for free in this way once again.
    For example, it allows to do so in a GDA 1 again be separating it into GDA 1 GRA or or GRA 2, and GDA 1 GDA or GDA 2 or using a graph-based topology, which is different to a hierarchy respectively tree.
    Interestingly, our {approach, Universal SP} GGSP also matches all the other computing and networking paradigms, approaches, and implementations mentioned above, as we have shown with DVE or NVE in the past. It is the same pattern, structure, graph, and so on.
    For example, a host and a router of our Ontologic Net (ON) have also an Area of Interest (AoI), or better said Location of Interest (LoI) or Domain of Interest (DoI), and ds not (need to) know what is going on in all locations, sites, areas, domains, etc., and related ON hosts, routers, switches, etc. worldwide.

    We already have the very clear vision of the final result and are now putting the elements together to an overall formation and already have the edge or frame of the puzzle and some chains of puzzle pieces across the inner area, so to say, besides the plans for deployment, migration, transformation, evalutation, experimentation, optimization, and evolution.

    Other experts should also be able to see now, if they have not seen before, that it will be quick and scalable. In fact, our SuperCluster{s} works on the basis of a Distributed operating system (Dos) with Inter-Process Communication (IPC) and has Distributed Shared Memory (DSM), which means no mapping of network protocol addresses, locators, identifiers, or whatsoever, and our SuperPeers enable one- or two-hop lookup performance in many cases, O(1) (constant) hop lookup performance in most of the cases, and up to O(logk n) (logarithmic to the base of k, polylogarithmic time) hop lookup performance in the worst cases, which are the cases of hotspot regions with churn-intensive workloads, in the related P2P networks.
    {(some or all(?)) SuperPeers are / can be parts / nodes of a SuperCluster and the related IPC facility} Moreover, the SuperCluster and the SuperPeers {on one level} are working together as fast as a cluster located at one site, while the SuperCluster even works as a parallel supercomputer.
    As a simple consequence, the other sites / nodes can also be SuperClusters and cluster nodes, SuperPeers and peers for SuperComputing (SC or SupC), including High-Throughput Computing (HTC), High Performance Computing (HPC or HPerC), Cluster Computing (CC or ClusterC), Grid Computing (GC or GridC), and so on.
    In fact, the hierarchy or distance of network nodes and facilities must be quite deep or long to have an effect and there exist a lot of optimizing features depending on the use cases to improve joint computing and networking, including communication and collaboration.
    But the Ontologic Applications and Ontologic Services (OAOS) will also be able to communicate, even multicast, in O (logk n)(!?) with a proper network topology and management, which depends on the site owner and operator, and OAOS Provider (OAOSP).

    Furthermore, by the foundations and separations of addresses, locators, and identities external unauthorized entities do not get access to the naming and routing/forwarding systems, and authorized entities, who have access for very convincing reasons, will be few in numbers and known in person, on site, and at any time.
    We will see when and where who is what disturbing, hacking, stealing, and destroying, while all others and their rights and properties are protected.

    The overall result, our ON, OW, and OV, is far beyond everything others were imagining, researching, and developing in relation to the successors of the old Internet, the old World Wide Web (WWW), the old Semantic (World Wide) Web (SWWW), the old Internet of Things (IoT), the old Semantic Web of Things (SWoT), our old Industry 4.0 (I 4.0), and so on.

    So it works reliably and securely all the time and even in real-time, at least where and when required, which is a new world, or better said our New Reality (NR).


    23.November.2022

    20:14 UTC+1
    Further steps, Ontologic Net Further steps

    *** Work in progress ***
    This is a continuation of the work mentioned in the Further steps of the

  • 29th of October 2022,
  • 6th of November 2022,
  • 8th of November 2022,
  • 14th of November 2022,
  • 16th of November 2022, and
  • 18th of November 2022

    and the matter referenced therein, which is related to what is wrongly called

  • Service-Oriented Computing (SOC),
  • Grid, Cloud, Edge, and Fog Computing (GCEFC),
  • Future Internet, New Generation Network (NGN), including
    • Information-Centric Networking (ICN), including
      • Content-Centric Networking (CCN) 2007/Named Data Neworking (NDN) 2010,
      • Named Function Networking (NFN) ("extends the CCN/NDN" respectively classic ICN),
      • Publish-Subscribe Internet Routing Paradigm (PSIRP) and PUblish-SUbscribe Internet Technologies (PURSUIT),
      • Service-Centric Networking (SCN),
      • etc.,
  • Software-Defined Networking (SDN),
  • 5th Generation mobile networks or 5th Generation wireless systems of the Next Generation (5G NG) and the 6th Generation mobile networks or 6th Generation wireless systems (6G),
  • and so on

    by others, and plagiarisms and OntoClones by us.

    The main idea differs from resolving the "schizophrenic nature of addresses", because they serve as

  • LOCators (LOCs) for routing information (for the network layers), but also
  • endpoint IDentities (IDs) for the transport layers

    by separating them (LOC/ID split) and the fields of

  • Distributed operating system (Dos),
  • application-specific overlays, application-level services, application frameworks, and middleware of the fields of
    • SuperComputing (SC or SupC), including
      • High-Throughput Computing (HTC),
      • High Performance Computing (HPC or HPerC),
      • Cluster Computing (CC or ClusterC),
      • Grid Computing (GC or GridC),
      • and so on,
    • Peer-to-Peer Computing (P2PC),
    • (Object-Oriented (OO 1)) technologies (OOx),
    • Service-Oriented technologies (SOx),
  • semantics respectively logics and ontologies,
  • and some more others

    in so far that the creative and innovative step is to put features and functions of these fields into the network layer and transport layer of the Interconnected network (Internet) or to take them as basis for a substitution of these layers.
    The problem with related works is that we have already expressed this idea with our OS and its OS Architecture (OSA) and basic properties, specifically our eXtended Mixed Reality (XMR), including Distributed Virtual Environment (DVE) or Networked Virtual Environment (NVE), and Collaborative Virtual Environment (NVE), and Problem Solving Environment (PSE), specifically with the transformation of the Interconnected network (Internet) into a Wide Area Network (WAN) SuperComputer (SC) (WANSC) or Interconnected supercomputer (Intersup) as part of our Ontologic Net (ON), and that the prior art referenced in those works is merely about the fields listed above.
    Furthermore, some works

  • are still based on TCP/IP or backward compatible,
  • do not solve the scalability problems of the Internet either by
    • holding on to a flat address space,
    • holding on to a flat routing architecture, but "prefix aggregation runs into direct conflict with supporting end-site multihoming in the current routing system architecture",
    • holding on to the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), or
    • moving the issue to other parts of their new approaches, for example by employing a "flat namespace for [Named data objects (]NDO[)] names, i.e., there is neither topology- nor organization-related hierarchy in names" and "pure name-based routing (in the sense of "routing on flat names")" (see also Routing On Flat Labels (ROFL)),
  • present a solution without sufficient performance, but with higher complexity,
  • present a solution, which arranges parts of an overall system architecture in a wrong way, for example in relation to the
    • location in the control plane, the data plane, and the forwarding plane,
    • concatenation, or
    • integration,

    or

  • just do not solve an important problem at all.

    We are also working only on some last details of implementation, specifically in relation to performance and efficiency. For example, some approaches include functionalities of

  • multihoming,
  • traffic engineering,
  • firewall,
  • proxy, and
  • Network Address Translator (NAT)

    or handle them in different ways.

    One central element is the mapping function or mapping service for network address spaces, protocols, locators, and identities.
    Neither concatenation nor integration does solve all problems. In addition, the various general problems are moved to the mapping.
    Our original and unique approach with our Ontologic System Architechture (OSA), which integrates all in one, including

  • underlay and overlay,
  • address-centric or host-centric communications,
  • data-centric, information-centric, or content-centric communications,
  • application-centric or service-centric communications, and also
  • name resolution, and
  • (name-based) routing

    schemes, which

  • enable and provide flexible addressing and forwarding semantics, and
  • allow to define intention and alternative means, and
  • allow to configure and change other aspects of networking even at runtime.

    For this we have an ontology for the general properties and configurations, and what we propose is a related reflective or plug-in approach.

    We have already some improvements of our ON related to the fields of Distributed Hash Table (DHT) and Tuple Space (TS), and also the technologies and functionalities of transaction, communication, and collaboration, etc..
    We are not sure if the latency for routing/forwarding, messaging, multihoming, traffic engineering, and so on in our ON will be as fast as in the Internet or even faster through all the new and advanced, required and desired features and functionalities, specifically if and how we add the Network Datalog (NDlog).

    We have to note that all these publications referenced above are not finalized and therefore some contents might be confusing, deficient, or even wrong, which will be cured or removed, and potentially summarized in an appropriated way.


    26.November.2022

    14:50 UTC+1
    Further steps, Ontologic Net Further steps

    *** Work in progress ***
    We have ended the review of the performances and efficiences of our ON with the conclusion that it will be state of the art in practice and precise numbers can only given by measures in operation.
    As we already noted, the infrastructures of our SOPR allow a seamless migration and further experimentation, development and research, and improvement.

    Because certain features and functionalities are part of the networking (layer), we are also reviewing and adapting some details in relation to the fields of

  • Logic Programming (LP) and other programming paradigms,
  • DataBase (DB),
  • Tuple Space (TS),
  • Agent-Oriented technologies (AOx), and
  • Distributed System (DS)

    in accordance with our Ontologic System Architecture (OSA). But this activity does not affect the implementation of the first fabrics with their subsystems and platforms of the infrastructures of our SOPR and our other Societies and adaption of existing technologies, goods, and services.


    27.November.2022

    17:10 UTC+1
    Ontonics Further steps

    Another social, legal, and technical problem is developing since around 15 years and reaching a point, where measures are required.
    Therefore, we have researched and developed 4 measures regarding the hardware, the software, and the processes, and also the environment by exploiting basic properties of our Ontologic System (OS) with its Ontologic System Architecture (OSA), Ontoverse (Ov), Ontoscope (Os), and other original and unique elements.
    But as in the case with our Ontologic Financial System (OFinS) with its Ontologic Bank (OntoBank), Ontologic Exchange (OEx or OntoEx), and other elements, we will directly communicate with the governments and their responsible ministries of the interior and other authorities.


    28.November.2022

    20:07 UTC+1
    Ontologic Net Further steps

    We have continued the work on the initial configuration of our Ontologic Net (ON), which we also called puzzling together the various parts and details.
    Especially, we configured the structured Peer-to-Peer (sP2P) part, specially in relation to the

  • design deficitis of the Distributed Hash Table (DHT),
  • indexing,
  • retrieval
    • item by item, data by data, or point by point, and
    • range query,
  • fault tolerance,
  • replication,
  • transaction,
  • caching,
  • balancing of load, and
  • notification,

    which are required, because our ON

  • has a statement-based data store, Associative Memory (AM), and Content-Addressable Storage (CAS) as the foundation for our Ontologic Local and Global Name Resolution and Service Discovery ((Parallel) Cluster Computing) System, instead of a Domain Name Service (DNS), and
  • provides the basis of the infrastructures and the subsystems and platforms of our Society for Ontological Performance and Reproduction (SOPR) and our other Societies (see the issue SOPR #327 of the 7th of June 2021).

    Further aspects are related to the fields of

  • unstructured Peer-to-Peer (uP2P),
  • Key-Value (K-V) store,
  • Tuple Space (TS),
  • active object- and actor-based or -oriented system,
  • Multi-Agent System (MAS),
  • Reality Environment (RE),
  • and other fields,

    and also the custom configuration and operation.
    But these are no-brainers respectively a finger exercise with a good system architecture, because everything can be integrated, configured, and handled seamlessly.

    One interesting problem is the replication, because we have replication at the

  • basic data structures and foundational computing and networking layer and
  • general data stores and application and service layer.

    One interesting aspect is the combination and integration of spatial matter.

    One interesting improvement is the integration of mapping functions for the

  • preparation for indexing and
  • address translation between address spaces.

    We have the impression that in many cases, if not in all cases, only one mapping is required or two mappings can be merged into one mapping, which decreases latency and round-trip delay, and increases performance, efficiency, and security, obviously.

    One interesting fact is that all foundational features and functionalities of our ON have a performance of up to O(log n) and wherever and whenever possible we use parallel computing, data structures, algorithms, and solutions with a performance of O(c) with c = 1 or 2 in many cases, O(1) (constant) in most of the cases, and up to O(logk n) (logarithmic to the base of k, polylogarithmic time) in worst cases.

    We also concluded that we are at the point where we can begin with the preparation, implementation, and deployment worldwide, and also the consideration if we should call it ON 2.0.

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